Triplex

Triple Helices or Triplexes are formed when a third strand binds to a duplex.

Triplex formation is known for DNA and RNA. The third strand may bind via Hoogsteen or reverse Hoogsteen base pairing.

References

Classical Paper

[1] Felsenfeld, G.; Rich, A. Studies on the formation of two- and three-stranded polyribonucleotides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1957, 26, 457-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3002(57)90091-4

Review

[2] Thuong, N.T.; Hélène, C. Sequence-specific recognition and modification of double-helical DNA by oligonucleotides. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 666-690. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.199306661

Selected Papers on Applications

[3] C. Kröner, M. Röthlingshöfer, C. Richert, Designed nucleotide binding motifs. J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 2933-2936. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo2003067

[4] C. Kröner, M. Thunemann, S. Vollmer, M. Kinzer, R. Feil, C. Richert, Endless: A purine-binding motif that can be expressed in cells.  Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 9198-9202. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201403579

[4] S. Vollmer, C. Richert, DNA triplexes that bind several cofactor molecules. Chem. Eur. J. 2015, 21, 18613-18622. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201503220

[5] A. Göckel, C. Richert, Synthesis of an oligonucleotide with a nicotinamide mononucleotide residue and its molecular recognition in DNA helices. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2015, 13, 10303-10309. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5OB01714A